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What is Intelligence?

The word “intelligence” means different things to different people. The most common
mistake is to consider “intelligence” as synonymous with “information.” Information is not
intelligence. Despite the many definitions of “intelligence” that have been promulgated over
the years, the simplest and clearest of these is “information plus analysis equals
intelligence”.

The formula above clarifies the distinction between collected information and produced
intelligence. It notes that without analysis, there is no intelligence. Intelligence is not what is
collected; it is what is produced after collected data is evaluated and analyzed.

If intelligence is analyzed information, what is analysis? Some agencies contend that
computer software can perform analysis for them; thus, they invest in technology rather than
in trained analysts. However, analysis requires thoughtful contemplation that results in
conclusions and recommendations. Thus, computers may assist with analysis by compiling
large amounts of data into an easily accessible format, but this is only collated data; it is not
analyzed data or information, and it falls far short of intelligence. For information to be useful,
it must be analyzed by a trained intelligence professional. In other words, intelligence tells
officials everything they need to know before they knowledgeably choose a course of action.

The Role of Stability

With lot of advancements coming up in Real Time Systems, the primary controlling factors
like security, reliability and trustworthiness have become key elements of success. The
primary factors to ascertain stability of physical systems are ‘Controllability’ and
‘Observability’.

In literature, control theory has been used to achieve service level objectives in performance
management, the main aim of this work was to develop control methodology of software
system and assess the value of control analysis. There are several questions arising while
analyzing the software code that implements a control system:

Does the controller which is assumed to be open loop stable render the closed loop system
also stable?

Has the software code developed fulfill the given control specifications?

There are two approaches that are followed to check the stability/performance of the
software systems: (a) macroscopic pattern matching technique where the specification of the
controller is being reconstructed from the code (b) by doing a code level analysis.

The software system under consideration in this study is a dynamic system which means the
output of the system depends on the state of the system. It is emphasized that the software
engineers have to typically take into considerations the dynamic behavior and characteristics
of the environment and software systems, otherwise the system will behave erratic.

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